Management of Acute Kidney Problems – Feb 2010 Edition

Acute kidney failure is an important clinical area in the intensive care unit setting. An estimated 5–20% of critically ill patients experience an episode of acute kidney failure during the course of their illness, and about 5% of patients admitted to an ICU will eventually require renal replacement therapy. In these patients, in-hospital mortality is extremely high, exceeding 50%. Thus, the early detection and causal treatment of acute kidney problems is vitally important for a successful outcome. Written by internationally renowned experts, this clinical reference offers helpful advice with the most recent information on the definition, epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical causes of acute kidney failure as a fundamental prerequisite for prevention of this disorder. Moreover, it also covers differential diagnostic approaches for patients with acute renal failure and provides a detailed outline of important measures for their clinical management. Finally, separate chapters are dedicated to various key aspects related to the adequate delivery of acute renal replacement therapy. It is intended as a helpful guide for all clinicians involved in the care of patients at risk of developing acute kidney problems.

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Rapid Review Pathology – Goljan

Get the most from your study time…and experience a realistic USMLE simulation! Rapid Review Pathology, by Edward F. Goljan, MD, makes it easy for you to master all of the pathology material covered on the USMLET Step 1 Exam. It combines an outline-format review of key concepts with over 400 hundred USMLE-style practice questions – online – that give you all the practice you need to succeed!
Book* Outline format: Concise, high-yield subject matter is presented in a study-friendly format.
* High-yield margin notes: Key content that is most likely to appear on the exam is reinforced in the margin notes.
* Visual elements: Full-color photographs are utilized to enhance your study and recognition of key pathology images. Abundant two-color schematics and summary tables enhance your study experience.
* Two-color design: Colored text and headings make studying more efficient and pleasing.
New! Online Study and Testing Tool
* A minimum of 350 USMLE Step 1-type MCQs: Clinically oriented, multiple-choice questions that mimic the current USMLE format, including high-yield images and complete rationales for all answer options.
* Online benefits: New review and testing tool delivered via the USMLE Consult platform, the most realistic USMLE review product on the market. Online feedback includes results analyzed to the subtopic level (discipline and organ system).
* Test mode: Create a test from a random mix of questions or by subject or keyword using the timed test mode. USMLE Consult simulates the actual test-taking experience using NBME’s FRED interface, including style and level of difficulty of the questions and timing information. Detailed feedback and analysis shows your strengths and weaknesses and allows for more focused study.
* Practice mode: Create a test from randomized question sets or by subject or keyword for a dynamic study session. The practice mode features unlimited attempts at each question, instant feedback, complete rationales for all answer options, and a detailed progress report.
* Online access: Online access allows you to study from an internet-enabled computer wherever and whenever it is convenient. This access is activated through registration on www.studentconsult.com with the pin code printed inside the front cover.
Student Consult
* Full online access: You can access the complete text and illustrations of this book on www.studentconsult.com.
* Save content to your PDA: Through our unique Pocket Consult platform, you can clip selected text and illustrations and save them to your PDA for study on the fly!
* Free content: An interactive community center with a wealth of additional valuable resources is available.

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Appleton and Lange’s Review for the USMLE Step 3

Key Benefit:This comprehensive review includes over 1,000 questions with detailed explanations, subspecialty lists, and references updated according to the current USMLE Step 3 content guidelines.
Key Topics:
The second edition provides a thorough review of the basic and clinical sciences, and includes a clinical competence review and practice test with 120 single-item questions and 60 case study questions.




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Yeast Infection

Yeast is a fungus that grows freely throughout the world. Several strains grow in cooperation with the human body, and several are considered pathogenic. Typically when we are talking about yeast infections, we are discussing Candida Albicans, and the technical name for the infection is candidiasis.

Candidiasis is an infection of the skin and/or mucous membrane. It is usually located in the skin, nails, mouth, intestines, genitalia, bronchi, or lungs, but may invade the bloodstream as well. It is thought to occur primarily a secondary infection, associated with a compromised immune system. However, according to many theories in alternative medicine, Candida is seen as the primary infection resulting in the immune system dysfunction. In this theory, such diseases as Lupus, Eczema, Irritable Bowel Syndrome, and Arthritis may actually be caused by a systemic yeast infection. This is not to say that all of these diseases are caused by candidiasis, but tests should be conducted to determine if this infectious disease is involved.

For the purpose of this article, we will focus on what we traditionally think of when we discuss yeast infections, and will narrow the symptoms discussed to those traditionally associated with candidiasis.

yeast infection symptoms may include:

• Thrush: oral lesions consisting of painless, discrete white plaques that adhere on the oral and pharyngeal mucosa.
• Skin infections are:
  • red
  • macerated: appearing moist
  • usually occur in areas where skin folds upon itself.
• Invasive systemic infections may present in any organ including the brain, heart, kidneys, and eyes.
  • symptoms produced in systemic infections depend on the extent of the infection and the organs affected.

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Asian Flu

The Asian Flu was a pandemic outbreak of influenza that originated in China in 1957 and spread worldwide (including to the United States of America) that same year. The virus lasted until 1958.

The Asian Flu was the H2N2 strain (a notation that refers to the configuration of the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase proteins in the virus) of type A influenza, and a flu vaccine was developed in 1957 to contain its outbreak. Worldwide it is estimated that at least one million people died from this virus; in the United States the death toll was comparatively mild, numbering approximately 72,000 people. The Asian Flu strain later evolved via antigenic shift into H3N2, the so-called Hong Kong Flu which caused a milder pandemic from 1968 to 1969.

From October 2004 to February 2005, some 3,700 test kits of the 1957 virus were spread around the world from College of American Pathologists (CAP). CAP assists laboratories in accuracy by providing unidentified samples of viruses; private contractor Meridian Bioscience in Cincinnati, U.S., chose the 1957 strand instead of one of the newer Influenza A strands. The flu is considered deadly and the U.S. government called for the vials containing the strain to be destroyed.

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